Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 7 Articles
In this paper, a linear programming model has been developed for determining the optimal water usage for residential purposes. A case of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMVDU) has been discussed. The model presented in this paper is very simple and easy to use. The water usage in residential area consisting of faculty quarters and students’ hostels has been studied. The necessary data have been supplied to the model and the minimum water requirements have been computed for different faculty quarters as well as hostels. The model has been solved using TORA software. This study is very useful in deciding the optimal water requirements/distribution in the different units of the university....
Somebody has rightly defined the energy in his very simple way that energy is the ability to do work, but I must not miss to say here that Energy is the thing on which the wheels of the development of any country depends. As much as the wheels of energy turns, more and more the country will prosper especially the case of India which is the seventh largest country in the world where the population is increasing drastically and that’s why is on the verge of extinction of disappearance of conventional fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas as these resources are very finite and if this will be on use in same manner as in current scenario then will be no more available in the near future. So the better, reliable, alternative of this is the more and more use of Non- conventional sources of energy which proved to be a milestone for the betterment of the society and citizens and by this the concept of mankind, humanity, and sustainable development will be retained. The major sources of Non-conventional energy are: a. solar b. Wind c. Tidal d. Geo-thermal e. Biological Energy. My present paper focuses attention towards not only the Types of energy resources to be used i.e. Non- conventional sources but the Alarming question is “How much and way of Producing and Managing Energy”? So we are giving more attention towards the better and better exploitation of Energy through Biological Approach i.e. Use of Bio energy....
The paper, illustrated with graphs, discusses the Brunt of global warming on flora & fauna, its underlying causes, and attempts to trim down it with the collaboration of all individuals. The paper relates that, as an outcome of global warming, climate changes have reached anomalous levels with rainfall and hurricanes of unusual intensity. More detailed understanding relies on numerical models of the climate that integrate the basic dynamical and physical equations describing the complete climate system. Many of the likely characteristics of the resulting changes in climate (such as more frequent heat waves, increases in rainfall, increase in frequency and intensity of many extreme climate events) can be identified. Substantial uncertainties remain in knowledge of some of the feedbacks within the climate system (that affect the overall magnitude of change) and in much of the detail of likely regional change. Because of its negative impacts on human communities (including for instance substantial sea-level rise) and on ecosystems, global warming is the most important environmental problem the world faces. Adaptation to the inevitable impacts and mitigation to reduce their magnitude are both necessary. Everyday gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon mono oxide are released to warm the earth, allowing it to be a place that can be inhabited by flora & fauna. However once the fauna, became higher in population, the warming of the earth was easier to identify .The paper also warns of what will happen if action is not taken in time and discusses positive and negative economic probabilities on flora & fauna. Flora and fauna forms a major part of biodiversity. The paper concludes that it takes time for people to change their attitudes but in changing, the end result will be worth it....
Since the dawn of the Industrial age there has been slow accretion of wastes on the planet. These wastes are the by products in the production of Industrial goods. In contrast to natural processes where everything gets transformed into some form or other within a certain period, these Industrial wastes left over have accumulated in the atmosphere, on the earth and in water bodies. According to field study data focused that, public health steadily declined due to consumption of water polluted by effluents. Residents of the village suffer from epilepsy, respiratory diseases, skin and throat problem, glaucoma, paraplegia, jaundice, typhoid, diarrhea, joint pains and cancer. Women and children are the most affected. In some cases even the pregnancy is affected. Also the total land became barren/ damaged is 266 acres belonging to 177 farmers, along with agricultural equipment loss. Nearly 100 families were lost their occupation i.e. toddy tapping, about 322 animals were died of consumption of polluted water. Industrialization, contrary to belief, has resulted in unemployment. Pollution has displaced several traditional families and professions. Thus, industrialization had deprived the rural people of the drinking water facilities which they were having earlier and it had also caused a change in the source of irrigation as most of them who were depending on tanks and steam water for irrigation....
Mala Panchayath is located in Thrissur District, Kerala State, India. The people of this Panchayath are primarily dependent on Agriculture for their living. There are no perennial surface water sources available and hence there is an imperative necessity to depend on the ground water availability to cater the need of the people, and agriculturists in particular. Water samples are collected from wells and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics. Suitability of water for drinking purpose is evaluated based on water quality parameters like Hardness, TDS, pH, Turbidity, Chloride content....
The study presents the relation between Indian Monsoon rain fall and Energetics of Zonal waves.Daily global wind (u&v) data at 850, 500, 200 hPa for Indian monsoon season(1 June -30 September i,e122 days) of ten years (1997-2006) is extracted from NCEP/NCAR re-analysis field.This dats is decomposed into wave number domain through Fourier Technique. The analysis of the energetics (momentum transport and kinetic energy) of zonal waves indicates that waves 1 and 2 show consistent and significant correlation with daily all India monsoon rainfall. Variance explained by lower tropospheric waves 1 and 2 around 10°N is 85% or more. Whenever the contribution of wave 1 decreases (increases) the contribution of wave 2 increases (decreases) so that the total variance due to both the waves remains around 85%.The results could be useful for developing a statistical model for predicting active/break phases of Indian monsoon....
The adsorption of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution onto the prepared ZnO nanoparticles was investigated. The effect of initial metal ion concentration, contact time, pH and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were used to describe the uptake of these heavy metals on nano-metal oxide. The equilibrium process was described by the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum adsorption capacity of 5000 mg/g at temperature 303 K. Thermodynamic parameters like, free energy (G° = -52.3981 kJmol-1), enthalpy (H°= -27.981 kJmol-1) and entropy (S° = -86.807 JK-1mol-1) of adsorption were calculated. These parameters showed the adsorption of Pb (II) ions onto ZnO nanoparticles was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic process in nature. Based on these results, it seems that nano ZnO particles have a significant potential for removing Pb (II) ions from wastewater....
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